Resources
Great research has been done on ostracism by a number of respected psychologists and social scientists. More research is turning up every year, and that has provided us with a wealth of valuable insights. Below are links to excellent articles, documents, case studies, books, podcasts, and more.
- "Ostracism" by Sally Singer Horwatt, Ph.D., Clinical Psychologist
- Pain of Ostracism Can Be Deep, Long-Lasting - Science News
- "Singled Out" by Beth Azar, American Psychological Association
- Reactions to Discrimination, Stigmatization, Ostracism, and Other Forms of Interpersonal Rejection - Blackhart GC, Nelson BC, Knowles ML, Baumeister RF. Pers Soc Psychol Rev. 2009 Nov; 13(4):269-309. Epub 2009 Sep 21.
- "Effects of ostracism are a health concern" - News-Medical.Net
- Facing History and Ourselves - Bullying: A Case Study in Ostracism - "This website explores issues of bullying and ostracism by looking at a particular incident that occurred in a middle school, primarily involving a group of girls. What started as a small event quickly turned into a serious situation."
- Ostracism Causes Lingering Pain in the Brain - article written by Dr. Amen
- "Social rejection shares somatosensory representations with physical pain" - Ethan Krossa, Marc G. Bermana, Walter Mischelb, Edward E. Smithb, and Tor D. Wagerd
- Podcast: Ostracism - The silent treatment. It’s the act of ignoring and excluding. Kids learn about it in the playground, and adults do it in the workplace. It was even a common political practice in ancient Greece. It’s also known as ostracism, and the effect can range from temporary discomfort to lifelong pain. Dr. Dan Gottlieb examines ostracism: how and when it’s used and how it affects us, with leading researchers on the subject Kipling Williams and Steve Nida. .
- "Ostracism: Consequences and Coping" by Kipling D. Williams, Ph.D. and Steve A. Nida, Ph.D.
- Book: "Ostracism: The Power of Silence" by Kipling D. Williams PhD - This is an excellent resource and a must-read for anyone who has witnessed or experienced ostracism. Williams has researched thousands of participants in various experiments and conducted hundreds of interviews with ostracized people. This book is well written, entertaining, highly informative, and nicely spiced with great anecdotes.
- The Pain of Rejection By Social Groups - by Allan Schwartz, LCSW, Ph.D.
- Ostracism: How much it hurts depends on how you remember it - By Lau, Gloria; Moulds, Michelle L.; Richardson, Rick Emotion, Vol 9(3), Jun 2009, 430-434.
- Shunning and Social Rejection: Why am I a social outcast? - by Li-Or on SayWhyDoI.com - Reasons behind social rejection classified into four main groups - Disclaimer: Much of what is written in this article is based on the author's own extrapolations and theorizing.
- "Teasing, rejection, and violence: Case studies of the school shootings" - Leary, M. R., Kowalski, R. M., & Smith, L. (2003). - In 15 school shootings between 1995 and 2001, acute or chronic rejection was present in all except 2 cases.
- National Institute of Mental Health - www.nimh.nih.gov
- American Psychological Association - http://www.apa.org/
